![]() The coordination of these processes throughout the cell cycle is therefore critical to achieve genomic integrity and prevent diseases. Defects in replication and any error must be recognized by DNA damage response and checkpoint signaling pathways in order to halt the cell cycle before cells are allowed to divide. ![]() During S phase, the replication process is tightly coupled with the DNA repair system to ensure the fidelity of replication. During the G1 phase of the cell cycle, cells prepare by assembling essential replication factors to establish the pre-replicative complex at origins, sites that dictate where replication would initiate during S phase. The molecular mechanism by which cells regulate the replication event is very complicated, and the entire process begins way before the onset of S phase. In every cell cycle, billions of nucleotides need to be duplicated within hours, with extraordinary precision and accuracy.
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